OS ↔ System Software to manage Hardware (device/process) & provide GUI for user

aka OS, Operating-System

Process

Program instance run on OS

macOS

Apple OS for mac PC

iOS

Apple OS for mobile devices - iphone/ipad

File System

Android

FOSS mobile OS built on Linux & Java

Linux

Kernel

Middleware to connect Hardware resource to Software

Windows

MS OS for PCs

POST

Power On Self Test

Boot Loader

Program to load OS from disk

Unix

Bell Labs Dinosaur inspire OS variants ie GNU

VM

Software to emulate Hardware & OS

References

1. Shell ↔ Program to expose OS functionality (via CLI)

2. nvm ↔ Dev tool to run multiple versions of Node.js on same OS

3. ICO ↔ Windows OS desktop icon, for Browser as favicon.ico

4. fs ↔ Node API to interact with OS File System - always use fs-extra for async ops!

5. Android ↔ FOSS mobile OS built on Linux & Java

6. Windows ↔ MS OS for PCs

7. iOS ↔ Apple OS for mobile devices - iphone/ipad

8. Process ↔ Program instance run on OS

9. VM ↔ Software to emulate Hardware & OS

10. Bootstrap ↔ startup Program to init OS ie POST, Boot Loader, etc - or broadly to init/load/setup something

11. Docker Container Image ↔ immutable snapshot of Software & Deps-tree down to OS-layer (everything req to run App)

12. FROM ↔ to set OS version to pull from CDN

13. Docker ↔ popular Dev tool to Containerize workload to run on any Hardware/OS environ

14. Docker Container ↔ Docker Image Runtime instance to virtualize OS as lightweight VM (excl Hardware overhead)

15. Google Container-Optimized OS ↔ Google Proprietary OS optimize to run Docker Container - incl docker runtime, rm Linux distro binaries (ie pkg manager) for smaller footprint & sec